Understanding Melasma: A Chronic Skin Condition
Melasma is a chronic skin condition characterized by brown to grayish-brown patches of hyperpigmentation, typically appearing on the face. It is especially common in individuals from Eastern countries, such as India and the Philippines.
Causes of Melasma
The exact cause of melasma remains unclear, but several factors contribute to its development:
•Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy are common triggers.
•UV Exposure: Sunlight exacerbates melasma by stimulating melanin production.
•Genetics: A family history of melasma increases the risk.
Treatment Options
Melasma can be challenging to treat and often requires a combination approach. While the condition is usually refractory to treatment, the following methods have shown promising results:
•Tranexamic Acid: Administered both orally and topically to reduce pigmentation.
•Hydroquinone: A gold-standard topical treatment for lightening dark patches.
•Topical Steroids: Often combined with hydroquinone for enhanced results.
•Chemical Peels: Help exfoliate and lighten pigmentation.
•Lasers: specially fractional lasers like 1550 nm ( eg: Fraxel ) and 1927 nm ( eg: laseMD ) are an advanced technology to target deeper pigmentation.
•skin lightening injections: some skin boosters that contain hyaluronic acid combined with succinic acid ( eg: xelarederm ) will lighten the pigmentation and treat the skin.
Long-term Care and Maintenance
Melasma management requires ongoing commitment. Patients must follow a strict skincare routine, including daily sunscreen use, to prevent relapse. Annual touch-up treatments, such as peels or laser sessions, are often necessary to maintain results.
With proper care and consistent treatment, melasma can be effectively managed, allowing patients to enjoy clearer, healthier skin.
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